The Expansion of the Concept of Complaint-Based Offenses in Indonesia’s New Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023): A Normative Study on the Effectiveness of Victim Protection

Abstract

The revision of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) through Law Number 1 of 2023 brings significant implications for the concept of complaint-based offenses (delik aduan), particularly in the context of victim protection. This study aims to examine the expansion of the delik aduan concept in the new Penal Code and assess its effectiveness in enhancing legal access and protection for victims. Using a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach, the research analyzes relevant regulations, legal literature, and supporting documents. The findings reveal that while the new Penal Code offers broader opportunities for victims and related parties to file complaints, its implementation still faces normative and institutional challenges. Synchronization with sectoral regulations and the strengthening of victim support mechanisms are necessary to ensure that the objectives of protection can be optimally achieved.